Грамматика / Настоящее время изъявительного наклонения

Настоящее время изъявительного наклонения используется для описания чего-либо, что происходит в момент, когда говорят, сейчас, сегодня. Его используют также для описания или, когда говорят о привычках.                                         

Глаголы на -er

• Во французском языке большинство глаголов в неопределенной форме заканчиваются на -er
• Образование: основа + окончания e, es, e, ons, ez, ent

Пример: глагол «passer»

Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Je	passe
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Tu	passes
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Il/Elle/On	passe
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Nous	passons
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Vous	passez
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Ils/Elles	passent

Исключения:

---

Глагол «aller»	Неправильные глаголы: глаголы «aller» и «venir»
Глаголы на -ger («manger», «voyager»)	С «nous» : nous mangeons, nous voyageons.
Глаголы на -cer («commencer»)	С «nous» : nous commençons

 

Глаголы на -ir

• Образование: основа + окончания s, s, t, ons, ez, ent

Пример 1: глагол «sortir» (как: «partir», «dormir»)

Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Je	sors
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Tu	sors
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Il/Elle/On	sort
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Nous		sortons
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Vous		sortez
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Ils/Elles		sortent

Пример 2: глагол «finir» (как: «choisir», «réfléchir»)  

Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Je	finis
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Tu	finis
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Il/Elle/On	finit
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Nous		finissons
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Vous		finissez
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Ils/Elles		finissent

Некоторые глаголы спрягаются одинаково:

Глаголы на -re, -dre, -ire, oir -re, -dre, -ire, oir

• Большинство глаголов имеют разные основы.
• Образование: основа + окончания s, s, t, ons, ez, ent

Пример: глагол «devoir» 

Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Je	dois
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Tu	dois
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Il/Elle/On	doit
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Nous	devons
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Vous	devez
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Ils/Elles	doivent

 
Исключения:

---

Глаголы «pouvoir» и «vouloir»	имеют окончания x, x, t, ons, ez, ent
У глагола «prendre» и его производных («comprendre», «apprendre»)	окончание на -t не применяется с «il/elle/on».

Пример: глагол «pouvoir»

Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Je	peux
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Tu	peux
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Il/Elle/On	peut
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Nous	pouvons
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Vous	pouvez
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Ils/Elles	peuvent

Для дополнительной информации: глаголы pouvoir, vouloir и devoir.

Пример: глагол «comprendre»

Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Je	comprends
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Tu	comprends
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Il/Elle/On	comprend
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Nous	comprenons
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Vous	comprenez
Audio file play stop mute max volume     repeat   Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version.	Ils/Elles	comprennent

Для дополнительной информации: глаголы attendre и prendre.